91探花

On March 24, 1976, military leaders came for Argentine President Isabel Per贸n, ending her presidency not two years after her husband Juan Per贸n died in office. Argentinians would suffer more than seven years of persecution, including the murder and/or "disappearance" of approximately 30,000 people deemed 鈥渟ubversive鈥� by the military dictatorship. 

A new book by Loren Lybarger and two colleagues examines how remembering this tragic past can help people mobilize for justice in the present. He and a research team traveled to Buenos Aries in 2016 to analyze how the 1976 coup was commemorated 40 years later during events associated with Argentina鈥檚 national Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice. (See a short about their project.) 

"These labors of justice manifest in three ways: as resistance, reconciliation, and recovery," say Lybarger and co-authors James S. Damico and Edward Brudney in their book, (Routledge 2022). 

The three scholars studied the literacy practices of commemoration鈥攈ow individuals and groups make sense of the past through a variety of texts such as posters, exhibitions, rituals鈥攄rawing on research they conducted across three different sites in Buenos Aires in March 2016. The sites were a public university, a Catholic church, and a former naval base and clandestine detention center transformed into a museum space for memory and justice. 

"We chose those three locations very intentionally because of the roles played by these institutions during the coup and the years of repression that followed," said Lybarger, professor of Classics and Religious Studies in the College of Arts and Sciences at 91探花. "While the military was in power, the Catholic Church in Argentina also was entwined in what became known as a defense of ultra-conservatism, but that wasn鈥檛 the only role it played since other Catholic leaders and communities actively resisted the regime. We focused, for example, on a church that had become a target of the regime violence and now serves as an important site of remembrance of the disappeared.鈥� 

A similar rationale led the authors to university sites in Buenos Aires that were part of the military regime鈥檚 efforts to disappear scholars, educators, and students deemed 鈥渟ubversive.鈥�

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Damico, professor of literacy, culture, and language education at Indiana University noted, 鈥淥ur time at these university sites shed a great deal of light on the ways commemorative literacies mobilized memory of the past for very particular present-day political purposes related to resisting current policy proposals of the existing government.鈥� 

A former naval base, the ex-ESMA, which now functions as a dedicated 鈥渕emory space,鈥� provides the book鈥檚 third case study. 鈥淭he ex-ESMA has become synonymous with the dictatorship鈥檚 use of extralegal violence, given its status as the regime鈥檚 largest clandestine detention center,鈥� explains Brudney, assistant professor of鈥痟istory at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Over the past 20 years, debates about what to do with the physical space have brought questions about public commemoration to the fore, making it a uniquely appropriate site to consider how Argentine society remembers and copes with the legacies of violence handed down from the 1970s.

"What we found sheds light on the ways commemorative literacies at these locations work spatially to draw on the past to address and advance justice concerns today," Lybarger said. "Three themes of justice emerged, including continued resistance against efforts to subvert democracy and human rights, reconciliation only after a full and honest accounting for the past, and recovery of memory both as an archival project and as a personal, familial and artistic effort to retrieve memories of the disappeared.鈥� 

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Through their work, Damico, Lybarger and Brudney also demonstrate how commemorative literacies like those in Argentina resonate not just within a single country, but also within a world looking not to repeat the mistakes of history. 

鈥淚n our final chapter we draw connections with justice struggles elsewhere such as civil rights and Black Lives Matter in the United States or the Arab Spring and the Palestinian struggle,鈥� Lybarger noted. These transnational links appeared in posters and murals in Buenos Aires. Damico recalled seeing 鈥渋mages of Dr. King at the Church of Santa Cruz, one of our research sites鈥攕o, one of our key discoveries had to do with how the Argentine experience leads to this transnational perspective and sense of a global response and responsibility for justice struggles in diverse spaces.鈥�

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For Lybarger, the connection between religion, the Argentine experience, and its global resonance is especially crucial to examine.

"As a religious studies scholar, it's important to look at intersections where religion, state violence and political identity come together and to conduct ethnographic studies in the field," said Lybarger, who has written extensively about Palestinian experiences in the and in . He and Damico are also developing a new project focusing on how religion shapes responses to climate disaster.